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In the late nineteenth century, Scandinavian urban dwellers developed a passion for a new, utterly modern sort of visual spectacle: objects and effigies brought to life in astonishingly detailed, realistic scenes. The period 1880-1910 was the popular high point of mannequin display in Europe. Living Pictures, Missing Persons explores this phenomenon as it unfolded with the rise of wax museums and folk museums in the largest cities of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Mark Sandberg asks: Why did modernity generate a cultural fascination with the idea of effigy? He shows that the idea of effigy is also a portal to understanding other aspects of visual entertainment in that period, including the widespread interest in illusionistic scenes and tableaux, in the "portability" of sights, spaces, and entire milieus. Sandberg investigates this transformation of visual culture outside the usual test cases of the largest European metropolises. He argues that Scandinavian spectators desired an unusual degree of authenticity--a cultural preference for naturalism that made its way beyond theater to popular forms of museum display. The Scandinavian wax museums and folk-ethnographic displays of the era helped pre-cinematic spectators work out the social implications of both voyeuristic and immersive display techniques. This careful study thus anticipates some of the central paradoxes of twentieth-century visual culture--but in a time when the mannequin and the physical relic reigned supreme, and in a place where the contrast between tradition and modernity was a high-stakes game.

Ethnological museums and collections --- Popular culture --- Waxworks --- History --- Scandinavia --- Intellectual life --- A Severed Head. --- Agnosticism. --- Anachronism. --- Anthropomorphism. --- Antique furniture. --- Archive. --- Assassination. --- Autobiography. --- Cataclysm (Dragonlance). --- Cemetery. --- Chamber of Horrors (Madame Tussauds). --- City Museum. --- Complexity. --- Crone. --- Cultural history. --- Curator. --- Deal with the Devil. --- Death mask. --- Death. --- Decapitation. --- Decoy effect. --- Degenerative disease. --- Desecration. --- Diorama. --- Dismemberment. --- Distrust. --- Documenta. --- Double consciousness. --- Dreyfus affair. --- Entrapment. --- Ephemerality. --- Exoticism. --- False evidence. --- First Sorrow. --- Folk museum. --- From Time Immemorial. --- Genre painting. --- Grandparent. --- Grave robbery. --- His Family. --- Historical Association. --- Historical trauma. --- Horror film. --- Hyperreality. --- Illustration. --- Impossibility. --- Infidel. --- Jonathan Crary. --- Karen Blixen. --- Leprosy. --- Linda Williams (film scholar). --- Mail. --- Mannequin. --- Memoir. --- Michael Dummett. --- Michael Fried. --- Mock execution. --- Modernity. --- Morgue. --- Most Secret. --- Museology. --- Museum. --- Mystery of the Wax Museum. --- Neglect. --- Neoromanticism (music). --- New Thought. --- Newspaper. --- Night of the Living Dead. --- Nightmare in Wax. --- Nordic Museum. --- Obsolescence. --- On Cinema. --- Orientalism. --- P. T. Barnum. --- Paul Leni. --- Personal History. --- Portrait photography. --- Random House. --- Religion. --- Romanticism. --- Schocken Books. --- Scientific skepticism. --- Secret photography. --- Semiotics. --- Serial killer. --- Skansen. --- Smithsonian Institution. --- Stockholm City Museum. --- Suicide. --- Superiority (short story). --- Taxidermy. --- The Last Minute. --- The Philosopher. --- Theft. --- Thomas Kuhn. --- Underdevelopment. --- Viewing (funeral). --- Vincent Price. --- Wax museum. --- Wear and tear.

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